The rabbit estrous cycle: A comprehensive review
Rabbit estrous cycle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12599635Keywords:
Estrous cycle, estrus, female rabbit, hormones, reproductionAbstract
The reproductive system of the female rabbit is a complex and specialized structure. Its proper functioning is crucial for the success of rabbit breeding. This study provides a detailed examination of the anatomy, physiology, and estrous cycle of the female rabbit reproductive system. The female rabbit reproductive system consists of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Each of these organs has a specific structure and function that are essential for reproduction. Female rabbits reach puberty at an average age of 3.5 months. They become capable of pregnancy at 4-4.5 months. The recommended age for first breeding is between 4 and 9 months. Female rabbits do not have a regular estrous cycle. They have a characteristically induced ovulation. The estrous cycle averages 16-18 days in length, and the female rabbit is receptive to mating for 12-14 days. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the growth and development of follicles. Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation and initiates progesterone production. Progesterone is essential for pregnancy and allows the uterus to prepare a suitable environment for embryonic development. Ovulation occurs 10-13 hours after mating. After ovulation, granulosa cells form a structure called the corpus luteum (CL). The CL secretes progesterone and regresses through a process called luteolysis if pregnancy does not occur. The estrous cycle is divided into four phases: diestrus, proestrus, estrus, and metestrus. Vaginal cytology and behavioral observation are common methods used for estrus detection. Behavioral signs include swelling and redness of the vulva, lordosis position, interest in the male rabbit, and nest building. In conclusion, the female rabbit reproductive system and estrous cycle are highly complex and specialized. Academic research and detailed studies will contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive system and the development of more effective methods in rabbit breeding.
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