Rats

Therapeutic effect of pomegranate peel extract on heme oxygen-free 1 (HO-1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in the kidney tissue of mice treated with mitomycin

Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pomegranate peel (PP) extract on the damage caused by mitomycin-C (MMC) in kidney tissue. In the study, 32 female Mus musculus albino mice were divided into 4 groups, as; Control Group: distilled water was administered via oral gavage for 15 days. MMC Group: distilled water was administered via oral gavage for 15 days. On day 15, MMC was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg i.p. MMC+150PP Group: 150 mg/kg of PP extract was administered via oral gavage for 15 days. On day 15, MMC was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg i.p. MMC+300PP Group: 300 mg/kg of PP extract was administered via oral gavage for 15 days. On day 15, MMC was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg i.p. Crossman's triple staining method was employed to examine the histological structure of the kidney tissue. Additionally, the Streptavidin-Biotin Peroxidase complex technique was applied to determine the immunoreactivity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). The application of MMC caused degeneration in the kidney tissue, but when MMC was used in combination with PP extract, it significantly reduced the existing degeneration in the kidney tissue. HO-1 immunoreactivity was similar in the control and MMC+300PP groups, but it was higher in the MMC+150PP group compared to the control and MMC+300PP groups, although it was lower than in the MMC group. ACE-2 immunoreactivity was weak in the control and MMC+300PP groups, moderate in the MMC+150PP group, but intense in the MMC group. ACE-2 and HO-1 immunoreactivity were not observed in the medulla and vascular endothelium of the kidney tissues in any of the groups. It was determined that MMC causes damage to kidney tissue, and it was found that PP extract reduces this damage. Based on these findings, it is believed that PP extract can be used in the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.

Gallbladder microbiota in laboratory animals: Insights and implications

İlayda Tendar, Hasan Erdoğan, Songül Erdoğan, Kerem Ural — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The aim of this review is to give novel information about the gallbladder microbiome's clinical importance and alteration of the gallbladder microbiota of specific laboratory animals in health and disease. The significant involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota (GM) in maintaining optimal health has been widely acknowledged. Their functions include a broad spectrum of mechanisms, such as facilitating digestion, enhancing the immune system and strengthening against bacterial pathogens and pathogenic commensal microorganisms. Until now, the majority of research on bacterial function and diversity has concentrated on the colon due to its easy accessibility for sample collection and the abundant presence of bacteria in that region. Despite the widespread interest in examining how the intestinal microbiota affects health and disease, it is unexpected that there has been a inadequate number of researchs focusing on investigating the microbial structure of bile. The gallbladder microbiome, although often neglected in human medicine, is a valuable source of discovery for veterinarians. Its applicability, especially in laboratory animals and hospitalized small animal patients, shows the prospective value of investigating the gallbladder microbiome as an encouraging avenue in the scope of veterinary medicine. Research in this field reveals important insights that can enrich veterinary clinical practice and offer new perspectives on animal health.

Insight into the role of microRNAs in reactive oxygen species activity

Cemre Aydeğer, Hüseyin Avni Eroğlu — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs and have a pivotal role in a range of mechanisms related to physiological and pathological conditions in humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable molecules derived from oxygen ions and initially produced during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These levels are tightly related to several diseases, such as cancer pathogenesis, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and apoptosis-related diseases. In recent years, ROS-related specific miRNA expression levels have gained attraction in the fields of pathology, molecular biology, physiology, pharmacology, and tissue engineering. Interestingly, both increases and decreases in miRNA expression have dual effects on ROS production. Variable changes occur during a ROS-related disease in the expression levels of miRNAs. The main point is the clarification of whether the increase or decrease of the related miRNAs has a suppressive, scavenger, or therapeutic effect on ROS. There is still a lack of substantial evidence about the relationship between ROS. Here we summarized the relationship between ROS production and miRNAs from a narrative perspective.

Effects of hydrogen-enriched water on lipid profile and some biochemical markers

Mahmut Karapehlivan, Ömer Faruk Başer, Turgut Dolanbay, Duried Alwazeer — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a non-toxic, tasteless, colorless, and odorless gas with high diffusion properties in living tissues and cells . By scavenging dangerous free radicals like the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) within cells, H2 functions as a selective antioxidant. It was aimed to determine the usability of molecular hydrogen (H2) as a new 'pro-metabolic' agent that may affect liver health. The study was initiated with the permission of 2023-154 obtained from Kafkas University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee. A total of 14 4-month-old male Wistar Albino rats weighing 200-250 grams, with seven rats in each group, were used in the study. Rats were fed ad-libitium throughout the study. The rats were housed in a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark environment at appropriate temperature. The Unpaired t-test was analyzed for each biochemical parameter to determine the difference between the two groups. A significant P-value was defined as less than 0.05. GraphPad 9.5.1 (San Diego, CA, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that AST, ALT, total protein, total cholesterol, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly lower in the H2 group compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the group given H2 and the control group between HDL and TG (P>0.05). In conclusion, We think that H2 suppresses oxidative stress, reduces TG, TC, and LDL, which are responsible for vascular occlusion, and can be used for treatment purposes for the liver and many systems and tissues in the future.

Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy

Gulden Yildiz, Kubra Kaya — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Glomerular basement membrane thickening is common in patients with long-standing diabetes, with or without nephropathy. In the following period, there is a correlation between glomerular basement membrane thickness and fractional mesangial volumes and albuminuria. The mechanisms underlying the formation of albuminuria begin with expansion of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with deposition of type IV collagen and reduction of negatively charged heparin sulfate proteoglycan. One of the earliest cellular changes in diabetes is mesangial and tubular cell hypertrophy. Hyperglycemia causes hypertrophy in the kidney by stimulating growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, TGF-β and Ang II. However, antagonizing TGF-β in diabetic patients did not provide beneficial effects on renal function or proteinuria. Pathological features of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are mesangial expansion, nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis (acellular Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion), and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Kidney structure is heterogeneous in diabetic patients; Only a subset of patients have typical diabetic glomerulopathy, whereas others have tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions that are much more advanced than glomerular lesions. There are features suggestive of normal or near-normal kidney structure and even glomerular ischemia. Treatment of diabetic animals with an ACE inhibitor attenuates p27 Kip1 and reduces renal hypertrophy.